Almost A Dynasty: 1940's Boston Red Sox

What actually makes a sports dynasty?  Obviously a teem needs to be successful for a continuous amount of time.  Every sport has that one iconic dynasty that fits the Dynasty category.  The NBA had the Boston Celtics who won nine out of ten championships.  The Montreal Canadiens won 7 of nine Stanley Cups (including six straight).  The NFL had several dynasties including the 49'ers, the Steelers, the Cowboys and, most recently, the Patriots.  Baseball itself has had the Yankees dynasties in several incarnations including the 1930's, 1950's and 2000's.

So what actually makes a team a dynasty?  There can of course be several definitions since there are varying levels of success.  A team can dominate their division for a decade but be bounced out in the first round of the playoffs year after year.  We could of course consider that to be a divisional dynasty but you wouldn't call it an overall baseball dynasty.  So let us set the parameters for this series of articles.  A dynasty, for our purposes here, is a team that wins multiple World Series championships (above two as back to back is nice but not a dynasty) within a 5-10 year period.  That being defined, this series will explore those teams that may have been a divisional or league dynasty but for whatever reason could not get over the hump to that World Series dynasty.

This series will show an array of near dynasties.  Some are teams that made the World Series year after year but fell short.  Others will be teams that competed right down to the end of the regular season year after year just to be beaten out.  It will be a series of near misses and what could have beens.

Don't miss the other almost dynasty articles: The Detroit Tigers of the 1900's, The Chicago White Sox of the 1910's and the Pittsburgh Pirates of the 1920's.  Now let's get started with this weeks "almost dynasty": The Boston Red Sox of the 1940's.

The Red Sox Yankees Dynasty
The Red Sox dominated the American League in the 1910's.  While the White Sox had an "almost dynasty" the Red Sox had a legitimate dynasty.  Their outfield of Lewis, Hooper and Speaker were widely accepted as the best group in the majors at the time and possibly ever.  Their infield of Everett Scott, Jack Barry and Larry Gardner were the tops in the league (especially after the $100,000 infield in Philadelphia was broken up).  Their best aspect was their pitching.  Their pitching was so good that future Hall of Fame pitcher Herb Pennock was relegated to a relief role.  Their starting rotation included Rube Foster, Ernie Shore, Carl Mays, Dutch Leonard and their ace pitcher Babe Ruth.  With varying versions of these players the Red Sox won the World Series in 1912, 1915, 1916 and 1918.  After the 1916 win the team was sold to a man named Harry Frazee.  The name is infamous today but through the first two years Frazee was just another Red Sox owner and he even brought another World Championship to the team in 1918.

The decline of the Red Sox is associated, obviously, with the sale of Babe Ruth which theoretically brought a curse to Beantown.  There was so much more to it than the Babe.  It truly started in January of 1918.  Larry Gardner and Hick Cady were sent to the A's for Stuffy McInnis, runiting the First Baseman with Jack Barry.  This gave them 1/2 of the $100,000 infield, though McInnis was not what he used to be and Barry would spend the year in the military.  In April of 1918 Rube Foster was sent to the Reds.

In December of 1918 the transfer began.  Ernie Shore, Duffy Lewis and Dutch Leonard went to the Yankees.  June 1919 they sent Jack Barry and Amos Strunk to the A's.  In July 1919, after Mays walked out on the team. the Sox sent him to the Yankees leading to a near implosion of the league.  In December of that year Ruth was sold to the Yankees.  Almost exactly a year later Harry Harper, Waite Hoyt, Mike McNally and Wally Schang were sent to New York.  Harry Hooper was later sent to the White Sox.  In December 1921 Bullett Joe Bush, Sad Sam Jones and Everett Scott went to the Yankees.  In July 1922 Joe Dugan and Elmer Smith went to the Yankees.  Just before the 1923 season Herb Pennock and George Pipgras were sent to New York.

Photo of Babe Ruth Courtesy of Wikipedia

Looking at the 1921-1923 Yankee lineup, their first World Series teams, was like looking at the Red Sox dynasty.  On their 1921 AL Champion team Ruth, Mays, Schang, McNally and Hoyt had come from the Sox.  On the 1922 team Scott, Dugan Bush and Jones were added to that group.  In 1923, the Yankees pitching staff featured eight pitchers during the regular season.  Six of those had come from the Red Sox dynasty (Mays, Pipgras, Bush, Jones, Pennock and Hoyt).

While the Yankees were building an empire the Sox were floundering and Frazee was so far in debt to the Yankee owners, who were close friends, that the Yankees basically owned Fenway.  While the Yankees went forward to win the AL in 1921, 1922, 1923, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938,  1939, 1941, 1942 and 1943 (1932 was the last year with Ruth) the Red Sox plummeted.  They rarely finished above 5th and finished 8th in 9 of 11 years.  The other two years were a 7th place and a 6th place finish.

Rebuilding the Yawkey Way.
Tom Yawkey was born in Detroit in 1903, the year the Red Sox won the first ever World Series.  His birth name was Thomas Austin and his father had married the daughter of the Yawkey logging and timber fortune.  When Tom's father passed away in September of 1903, the family moved in with their wealthy uncle.  When his mother died in 1918, the year of the Red Sox's last World Series title for a long time, he and his sister were adopted by their uncle, William Yawkey.  Tom Austin became Tom Austin Yawkey.  He grew up in opulence.  His uncle even bought a substantial part of the Detroit Tigers and owned a large part of the team.  He was known as the spendthrift owner compared to the tight fisted Briggs.

At 16 Yawkey became an orphan again when his uncle passed away.  He inherited millions, including the stake in the Tigers but what the hell did a 16 year old know about running a business?  Even less, with all of his assets in conservatorship until his 30th birthday, what did he care about the Tigers?  His shares were sold to Briggs making Briggs the complete owner of the Tigers.

The Red Sox finished the 1932 season at 43-111.  The Yankees, led by Ruth, won the American League and World Series.  The Red Sox were dead last, 64 games out of first place.  They didn't reach double digit wins until June 11, by which point they were already 24 1/2 games out of first and had lost 40 games.  At the end of the year, owner Bob Quinn had thrown in the towel.  He had owned the team for ten years, inherited a baseball graveyard and had lost money every single year.  Luckily for Quinn, Tom Yawkey turned 30 in early 1933, at which point the lifelong baseball fan gained access to his millions.  His first big purchase was the Red Sox. Yawkey would not stand for being a loser and he would start to build this team from the ground up.

Photo of Tom Yawkey Courtesy of SABR.org

The 1933 team won 20 games more than the 1932 team.  They slowly added better players.  Catcher Rick Farrell was acquired from the Browns.  Billy Werber and George Pipgras were added from the Yankees.  Joe Judge was signed as a free agent.  It wasn't a finished product but it was better.  In December of 1933 they added Lefty Grove, the best pitcher in baseball, and Max Bishop from the A's.  In January 1934 they added Herb Pennock.  The turning point really was after the 1934 season.  The Senators were hurting for money and the Red Sox were hurting for leadership.  The result was the sale of Joe Cronin to the Red Sox.

Photo of Joe Cronin Courtesy of ESPN.com

The team was improving and by 1938 they felt they were ready to compete.  They had added Bobby Doerr,  a young second baseman from the Hollywood Stars, to go with Joe Cronin at Shortstop.  They finished second that year but were not nearly in contention, finishing 9 1/2 games behind the Yankees.

1939 was the big addition to the team. It was the year that the Splendid Splinter, the Greatest Hitter Who Ever Lived, Teddy Ball Game came to town.  The 20 year old took the league by storm. He led the league in RBI, hit .327, 31 Home Runs and 44 doubles. What was more, his enthusiasm and dedication started to energize the others.  With his passion for the game and Cronin's intensity the Sox looked like they had a bright future.  They finished second again but 17 games behind the Yankees.  Still, the "almost dynasty" was taking shape.

Another key piece was added for 1940 with the younger brother of Joe DiMaggio.  "The Little Professor" hit .301 his first year in the league and gave the Sox defensive stability in center field.  The Sox fell to 4th, although they were only 8 games behind the Yankees.  They climbed back to second in 1941 but they were not nearly as close to first, finishing 17 games behind the Yankees.  This was the era of DiMaggio vs Williams for AL supremacy.  Williams always seemed to steal the show but DiMaggio always won the title.

Photo of Ted Williams, Dom DiMaggio, Bobby Doerr and Johnny Pesky Courtesy of Red Sox.mlb.com

After the 1941 season everything changed.  The war was on in full force. Players started leaving for the service. The season went on as usual and the Yankees won as usual, with the Red Sox in second, as was the pattern.  More players left in 1943 and the teams seemed to be a bit lost.  The aging Joe Cronin was still trying to play short stop and the Red Sox were hanging in there but without Williams and DiMaggio they didn't quite have the manpower.  1945 was the worst of all.  They fell to 7th while the Tigers broke the Yankees hold on the top of the league.

Postwar Prosperity.
Before the war one more key piece of the "almost dynasty" was added.  Johnny Pesky debuted in 1942 and played so well as a rookie that he came in third in MVP voting.  As the war ended and the players returned the Red Sox had their key players: Pesky, Doerr, DiMaggio and Williams.  They added another key big bat before the season by picking up Rudy York from the Tigers.

York was a fun loving guy with a habit of falling asleep while smoking.  The Tigers joke was that he led the league in burned mattresses and hotel fires but it was really no joke.  There were serious concerns for his safety.  He had struggled in the Tigers lineup without Hank Greenberg's bat and in his desperation to improve his strikeouts soared.  The Tigers, realizing they were an aging team and needing to rebuild, traded York to Boston.

With the war over and the stars back on the field, the excitement for the season was immense.  The Sox won their first five games and never looked back.  They won 15 straight as April turned to May and before you could blink the Red Sox were shocking everyone.  With the exception of Wednesday, April 24th, when they sat in second place, one game behind, they spent every day of the season in first place.  Their lead reached as high as 16 1/2 in early September.  They ran away with the pennant by 12 games.  It had been nearly 30 years since Boston had seen a Red Sox World Series team.  The organization had never lost a World Series.  Here is where the true heartache of the Red Sox Nation would begin.

I previously discussed in fairly significant detail the heartbreak of the 1946 World Series and the unfair blame that was placed on Johnny Pesky.  The loss was difficult to handle.  Still, the core four players and the near World Series victory brought excitement to the city that hadn't been there since the days of Hooper-Lewis-Speaker.  The 1947 Red Sox got off to a quick 4-0 start but it was clear that DiMaggio, Berra and the Yankees were back.  The Sox fought hard to stay near the top but again the Yankees outdistanced them.

The Three Team American League
The 1948 season started an era of fierce competition between the Yankees, Red Sox and Indians.  Every season between 1946 and 1958 one of the three teams would represent the American League in the World Series.  1948 was so tight that all three teams had a chance to win the pennant with a few days left.  The season ended with the Red Sox and Indians tied forcing the first ever American League one game playoff.  Boston gambled by starting Denny Galehouse and it was a gamble that did not pay off.  Galehouse was near the end of a 15 year career and was never what you would consider a dominant pitcher.  Galehouse would end the year with an 8-8 record (including the one game playoff) but he was 6-2 over the final two months of the season.  It was not that the Red Sox did not have options.  Mel Parnell had pitched 6 2/3 on 9/30 and won to improve his record to 15-8.  Jack Kramer had pitched a perfect game on 10/2 to improve to 18-5.  The complete game was necessary to keep the Sox in the race but it ruled out Kramer for the playoff game.  Joe Dobson started on 10/3, the last day of the regular season but did not look sharp in his 4 1/3.  Despite the short rest Parnell was positive he would be pitching.  Everyone was sure he would be pitching.  The morning of the  game Joe McCarthy changed his mind.  With the wind blowing out he decided a right handed pitcher would be a better choice.  He went with Galehouse.

The game was tied at one entering the top of the 4th.  Back to back singles by Lou Boudreau and Joe Gordon and a three run Home Run by Ken Keltner sealed the deal for Cleveland.  With an 8-3 win the Red Sox were headed home and the Indians were headed to the World Series.

The 1949 season was just as close.  It again came down to the final series of the year.  This time between the Yankees and the Red Sox.  On September 30 the Red Sox won while the Yankees lost to a below average Athletics team giving Boston a 1 game lead with two to play.  The final two were head to head against the Yankees.  Win one game and it was back to the World Series.  Game 1 was a classic Yankee-Red Sox grudge match.  In the top of the 3rd, already leading 1-0, an RBI single with the bases loaded by Doerr increased the lead to 2-0.  Back to back walks forced in two more runs and it looked like the Sox were on their way to the World Series.  A 2 run 4th and a 2 run 5th for the Yankees tied things up and Yankee Stadium suddenly got very loud while the Red Sox bats went silent.  While the heroes of Red Sox lore, the very legends of the organization, went silent it was an unheralded Johnny Lindell of the Yankees who kept the Yankees alive.  His Home Run in the bottom of the 8th allowed the Yankees one last chance at the pennant.  The final game was another tense game.  The Yankees scored one run in the first and so it stood through the 8th.  In between both teams left men on base, grounded into double plays and generally squandered chances.  It was the 8th inning that decided the season.  The Red Sox had pinch hit for Ellis Kinder in the 8th.  The pinch hitter walked  but was erased on yet another double play.  It was a tough decision to make but another that changed the "almost dynasty" of the Red Sox.  Mel Parnell took the mound to start the bottom of the inning.  He immediately gave up a Home Run to Tommy Henrich and a single to Berra.  He was relieved by Tex Hughson who got Joe DiMaggio to hit into a double play giving Red Sox fans some hope.  It was short lived.  Two singles and a walk loaded the bases bringing Jerry Coleman to bat.  Coleman hit a bases clearing double and the Yankees were up 5-0 just like that.  The Red Sox put up one last fight with a three run 9th but it was over, and with it the almost dynasty.

The Red Sox would finish as close as third in 1950 and 1951 but they were never truly in contention.  What could have been a dynasty was derailed by the dominance of the Yankees and the interruption of the World War.  Ted Williams continued to be one of the greatest hitters the game has ever seen but the Red Sox would not see another pennant race until the rise of Carl Yastrzemski.

TRIVIA QUESTION:

As mentioned in the section "The Three Team American League", between 1946 and 1958 the American League was won by either the Yankees, Red Sox or Indians.  The dominance was even greater than this though.  Between 1941 and 1964 only three teams were able to win the league other than the Indians, Red Sox and Yankees mentioned.  Which three teams were able to sneak in the World Series and what year did each do it?

Answer to Last Week's Trivia Question:
In the era of monopolies there was no rule in the Major Leagues saying that an owner could not own more than one team.  Several owners had stakes in multiple franchises.  The problem was that the owners would shift players from franchise to franchise on a whim.  For example, the owner of the Louisville Colonels also owned the Pirates and shifted the players as he felt necessary.  The owner of the Cardinals also owned the Cleveland Spiders.  The owner of the Reds also owned part of the Giants.  With so many teams being manipulated the competition suffered so the league decided to reduce the weakest teams.  The Louisville Colonels, Washington Senators, Cleveland Spiders and the Baltimore Orioles were dropped from the league. The Spiders were one of the worst  teams in the history of the game.  They finished their season at 20-134.

13 Players You May Not Know From the 1940's But Should

The 1940's were a decade of struggling to survive economic trouble and international chaos and a decade of one drastic change that took too long to occur.  Several of the teams regularly at the bottom of the league in the 1930's rose to become consistent contenders.  The Braves, Red Sox, Indians, Dodgers and even the Browns reached the World Series.  The Giants, Athletics and White Sox fell on very hard times.  The league saw some of the best, closest races ever including the 1948 American League race that ended in a one game playoff between the Indians and Red Sox.

The baseball world was shocked on June 2, 1941 to learn that Lou Gehrig had passed away from ALS.  It seemed unbelievable that Lou Gehrig, often used as the poster boy of good health and physical prowess, could die so young of a disease so crippling.  Gehrig had started noticing some issues in 1937 but thought it was maybe his age catching up with him and slowing him down.  As the team reported for Spring Training in 1938 Gehrig noticed he was having problems with everyday tasks like lifting his legs to put on his pants and tying his shoes.  His coordination was off and he somehow just couldn't hit the way he used to hit. Gehrig went to the Mayo Clinic and was told of his diagnosis.  The man known as "Iron Man" was eroding before the eyes of the world.  Gehrig remained positive but there was no cure and his case of the disease ravaged his body quickly.

Photo Courtesy of Sports Illustrated

The greater part of the decade was interrupted by World War II.  Just six months after the death of Gehrig, the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor, forcing the country into the conflict.  The league continued to operate through the war, however, many of the leagues great players including Ted Williams, Joe DiMaggio, Bob Feller and Hank Greenberg were sent off to fight in the war.  While the players were away, the Browns snuck into the 1944 World Series.  The war played havoc, not only with the outcome of the seasons, but the way games were broadcast.  Due to fears of air raids or the enemy getting intelligence about the weather patterns to plan attacks, broadcasts were not permitted to give any detail at all about the weather or temperatures.  When games went into rain delays the announcers just kept talking until the game resumed as though it were just a pause in the game.  During a St.Louis Browns game that went to rain delay Dizzy Dean, broadcasting for the Browns, ran out of filler material and told the listening audience "I'm not allowed to tell you why this game is being held up, but if you just stick your head out the window I'm sure you'll figure it out."

Photo Courtesy of Baseball in War Time

The World Series' played during the decade saw some great moments.  The Dodgers reached the Fall Classic in 1941 for the first time since 1920 and looked to be serious contenders for years to come.  They were still missing one piece but would have it by the end of the decade.  The Tigers lost the 1940 World Series in 7 games to the Reds, then rode the strength of Greenberg's return from war in 1945 all the way to a World Series win in 7 games over the Cubs.  The Red Sox reached the World Series for the first time since 1918 but would lose in 7 games to the Cardinals.  The 1948 World Series was between two surprise teams, neither of which had been in the World Series in decades. The Indians were in their first World Series since 1920 and the Braves since 1914.  The Indians won but have not won since.

The 1945 World Series saw the casting of a curse that still terrorizes Cubs fans today.  The Cubs led the best of seven series 2 games to 1 and were getting ready for Game 4 at Wrigley Field.  Billy Sianis, owner of Billy Goat Tavern in Chicago, bought two tickets to the game. One for himself and one for his mascot, a billy goat.  He apparently was allowed to bring the goat into the stadium, however, when he found his seat several of the other fans in the area felt the stench of the goat was too much to stand.  They complained and the Cubs officials asked Billy and his goat to vacate the premises.  Sianis was furious and sent a telegram to Mr. Wrigley which told him the Cubs would  "lose this World Series and you will never win a World Series again because you insulted my goat."  Cubs fans will point to the angry tavern owner (and not to the fact that they have routinely had sub par players and often owners who refused to spend the money needed to bring in the pieces they were missing or made poor personnel decisions) to explain the fact that the Cubs haven't won a World Series.  (They also ignore the nearly 40 years without a World Series win before the curse was invoked).

There was one change that took way too long to happen, yet, when it did, it completely changed the way the game was played.  Branch Rickey had long wanted to integrate the game and there had been a few half hearted attempts by others throughout the years.  Bill Veeck had once tried to buy the Phillies organization and fill out the roster with all players from the Negro Leagues but when the other National League owners heard of his plan they made sure the team was sold to someone else.  Rickey realized that once African Americans were allowed to risk their lives to fight for the country overseas, it made no sense to keep them from playing the national past time when they came home.  Rickey searched long and hard to find the right person to break the color barrier.  Had he looked forever he never would have found a better person.

Photo Courtesy of Sports Illustrated

Jack Roosevelt Robinson was an All-American football star at UCLA, an Olympic champion, a military veteran and a member of the Negro leagues.  Rickey called him to his office and explained his plan:  Jack would be signed to play for the Dodgers with the understanding that no matter what happened, regardless of the things yelled at him, objects thrown at him, attempts to spike him or intimidate him Jack couldn't fight back  He couldn't respond.  This was not just about the success of Jack.  This was about the success of an experiment to see if the country would be able to accept this mixing of the races.  The pressure that Robinson was under is beyond comprehension.  There was no one he could turn to and discuss the loneliness, the hurt, the stress, the anger.  When Robinson stepped on the field in 1947 he had to ignore the intentional spikings, the pitches aimed at his head, the insults and angry curses from the fans.  When the team bus stopped for dinner at a restaurant Jack sat alone on the dark bus waiting for the team to finish eating.  If he was lucky one of the players would bring him cold take out, otherwise he went hungry.  When the bus stopped to fill up with gas, Jack had to pray the gas station would have a restroom for "colored" or he would at least be able to sneak into the "whites only" restroom.  Otherwise it would be a hell of a long trip.  When the Dodgers reached St. Louis, Cincinnati or Chicago and the white players went to their fancy hotels with room service and a pool, Jackie had to go to the roach motels, the only ones where African Americans were allowed, or hope there was a prominent family in town who would take him in for a few days.  No rookie has ever had more pressure or worse conditions and few rookies have had better years.  He stole 29 bases (including stealing home several times), scored 125 runs, hit 31 doubles, and laid down 28 sacrifices.  There's a reason the rookie of the year award is named after him.  Halfway through the season, when it became clear that Rickey and Robinson had succeeded, nearly every team was looking to integrate.  The teams that did not adapt to the new league would be the teams that were at the bottom of the standings over the years to come.

Although the names of Jackie Robinson, Joe DiMaggio, Ted Williams and Bob Feller will be the names that are remembered thirty, forty or fifty years from now (or more), every decade has tremendously talented, successful players who make wonderful contributions to the success of their teams, organizations and the league as a whole. Unfortunately many of the players who fall into this category will be forgotten, overlooked and generally ignored. Here are 13 players* from the decade you may not remember but you definitely should:



Catcher
Mickey Owen

Photo Courtesy of Bleacher Report

Career Teams:  St.Louis Cardinals (1937-1940), Brooklyn Dodgers (1941-1945), Chicago Cubs (1949-1951) and Boston Red Sox (1954).
All Star Appearances: 1941, 1942, 1943 and 1944.
MVP Voting: 1942 (4th)
The fourth game is often the crucial game of a World Series.  It can put a team up by an almost insurmountable 3 games to 1 lead or it can even the series at 2.  If your team is an underdog, looking to upset one of the all-time great teams, you need a quick boost of confidence, something that tells your team, without any words, "These guys aren't so great.  We can beat these guys."  The 1988 Dodgers had the Kirk Gibson home run.  1954 Giants had Willie Mays's great catch.  The 1941 Dodgers had Pete Reiser's Game 4, 5th inning, 2 run home run to put the Dodgers ahead 4-3.  The Dodgers pitchers tip toed through the landmines of the Yankees lineup for the next three innings and retired the first two batters of the 9th inning.  One more out and the Dodgers had the series tied and confidence moving through the rest of the Series.  Tommy Henrich stepped in to face Hugh Casey and was quickly down to his final strike.  Casey threw the next pitch low in the zone and Henrich swung and missed.  Strike 3 game over...except...  The ball broke so sharply that it bounced right past Mickey Owen, the Dodgers catcher.  The movement of the ball was so ridiculous that some later claimed it was a spitter.  Regardless, the ball went far enough away for Henrich to reach first.  The next batter was Joe DiMaggio who singled and was followed by a two run Charlie Keller double, a Bill Dickey walk and a Joe Gordon two run double.  The Dodgers lost the game and lost the next day as well.  The one thing that everyone knew about Mickey Owen the rest of his career was that one passed ball.  Owen was never a gigantic offensive threat (he never hit higher than .286 and never hit more than 4 Home Runs in a season) but he was usually a very strong fielder.  He rarely reached double digits in errors for a season and did not allow more than 11 passed balls in any season while usually throwing out more than 50% of potential base stealers.  Owen was drafted into the Navy for World War II and when he returned was unable to reach an agreement with the Dodgers so he signed a contract with a team in the Mexican League, which was attracting returning players with higher salaries.  The commissioner was furious and suspended all players who signed with the Mexican League indefinitely (it would be hard to imagine them caring that they were suspended from a league they weren't part of anymore).  After three years the Mexican League shut down and the offending players were begrudgingly allowed to sign with major league teams.  Owen joined the Cubs and although he was a good contributor on some truly terrible Cubs teams, he would forever be remembered for the passed ball that allowed the Yankees to win Game 4.

Firstbase:
Frank "Buck" McCormick

Photo Courtesy of Bleacher Report

Career Teams: Cincinnati Reds (1934 and 1937-1945), Philadelphia Phillies (1946-1947) and Boston Braves (1947-1948).
All Star Appearances:  1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1946.
MVP Voting:  1938 (5th), 1939 (4th), 1940 (1st), 1942 (27th), 1943 (9th), 1944 (13th), 1945 (24th) and 1946 (34th)
The Cincinnati Reds are often overlooked for their historical success as an organization.  The Cardinals, Yankees, Red Sox, Braves and even the Pirates are viewed as the paragons of success.  Many think the Big Red Machine teams of the 1970's were the most successful period for the Reds.  True, the 1930's were not the best of times for the Queen City franchise but they ended with marked improvement.  Frank McCormick was a big reason for the turn around.   As the Reds started their assault on the top of the league, Buck was leading the league in hits three years in a row (1938-1940), led the league with 128 RBI in 1939 and won the MVP of the league in 1940 hitting .309 with 44 doubles and 19 Home Runs.  McCormick played in the World Series three times (1939 Reds, 1940 Reds and 1948 Braves). His best appearance was in the Reds 1939 loss to the Yankees.  As the rest of the team struggled to hit (Lonny Frey went 0-17 in the series) McCormick hit .400 with 1 run, a double and an RBI.  The Reds came back the next year, McCormick's MVP year, and beat the Tigers in a 7 Game World Series.  In the 7th inning of Game 7, with the Reds trailing 1-0 McCormick led off the inning with a double (only the 5th hit of the day for the Reds).  It sparked a rally.  Jimmy Ripple followed McCormick with another double scoring Buck with the tying run.  A sacrifice bunt, intentional walk and a sacrifice fly later, the Reds scored the go ahead (and eventual World Series winning) run.  The rally was sparked by the league MVP and forgotten star Frank McCormick.

Phil Cavarretta

Photo Courtesy of Chicago Cubs

Career Teams:  Chicago Cubs (1934-1953) and Chicago White Sox (1954-1955)
All Star Appearances:  1944, 1946 and 1947
MVP Voting:  1943 (28th), 1944 (14th),1945 (1st), 1946 (10th), 1947 (23rd), 1948 (24th) and 1952 (23rd)
Fans of teams who have long stretches without a World Series title love to find a reason (other than the poor teams they fielded) to explain why the team hasn't won.  The Red Sox had the curse of Babe Ruth.  The Phillies (and Flyers, and Eagles, and 76ers) had the curse of William Penn.  The White Sox had the curse of the Black Sox.  The Cubs (still) have the curse of the Billy Goat.  Had you mentioned the curse to Phil Cavarretta he would have thought you were insane.  The Cubs, to Cavarretta, were a team constantly on the verge of a World Series win, they just always faced strong competition in the Series: The Philadelphia Athletics, the Yankees, the Tigers.  Their losing had nothing to do with a curse and definitely nothing to do with Phil Cavarretta.  The Cubs reached the World Series three times during Phil's tenure.   In Cavarretta's MVP season the Cubs took the Tigers to a Game 7.  It was an ugly series. The Cubs of the 1930's and 1940's had a reputation of being brutal on opposing players.  Their bench often was identified as one of the most vicious in taunting opponents.  The Tigers scored five times in the first inning of Game 7.  The inning was set up by a stunning sacrifice bunt by Hank Greenberg, the Tigers' version of Babe Ruth.  The Tigers manager Steve O'Neill said "that bunt upset them the rest of the game."  To the Cubs it wasn't over yet.  Cavarretta went 3-4 with a run and an RBI but it wasn't enough.  Cavarretta hit .423 with 2 doubles, a Home Run, scored seven runs and drove in 5 for the Series.  It would be the last time the Cubs would reach the World Series.


Secondbase
Joe "Flash" Gordon

Photo Courtesy of USA Today

Career Teams:  New York Yankees (1938-1946) and Cleveland Indians (1947-1950)
All Star Appearances: 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1948 and 1949
MVP Voting: 1938 (12th), 1939 (9th), 1940 (23rd), 1941(7th), 1942 (1st), 1943 (25th), 1947 (7th) and 1948 (6th).
The Major League Baseball Hall of Fame has a Veterans Committee to review the borderline Hall of Fame players who were not originally elected.  The committee is made up of Hall of Fame members.  There are some who feel the Committee is pointless or just flat out stupid (I personally think they do a great job).  One of the deserving members of the Hall of Fame that was elected through this process was Joe Gordon.  There were a lot of people who complained that Gordon got in only because he was a Yankee and that it showed a Yankee bias.  I even saw someone write that it was "another undeserving" Yankee in the Hall of Fame.  Joe Gordon definitely deserves to be in the Hall of Fame.  A 9 time all star, 6 time World Series participant (5 time champion) and 1942 league MVP, Gordon lost three years in the prime of his career to serve in the military during World War II.  If nothing proves that he was not just another Yankee getting into the Hall of Fame, look at his contributions to the World Champion 1948 Indians.  He set career highs (even for a former MVP) in Home Runs and RBI and hit .280 for the year. Gordon was the double play partner for Cleveland's legend Lou Boudreau and his veteran, winning experience helped settle the Indians younger players.  Gordon had four hits in the 6 game series victory against the Braves, including a home run.  There is no doubt that Gordon belongs with the best of the best.

Shortstop
Vern Stephens

Photo Courtesy of Bleacher Report

Career Teams:  St.Louis Browns (1941-1947), Boston Red Sox (1948-1952), Chicago White Sox (1953), St.Louis Browns (1953), Baltimore Orioles (1954-1955) and Chicago White Sox (1955)
All Star Appearances: 1943, 1944, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950 and 1951
MVP Voting: 1942 (4th), 1943 (9th), 1944 (3rd), 1945 (6th), 1946 (19th), 1947 (31st), 1948 (4th), 1949 (7th) and 1950 (24th).
The St.Louis Browns reached the World Series once in their existence.  That's not a typo.  The St. Louis Browns won the American League pennant by 1 game over the Tigers and reached the 1944 World Series.  It would be easy to blow off the Browns success as only being made possible by the gigantic amount of talent that was sent to Europe to serve in the war.  True, the Browns had the least amount of men sent overseas. (insert joke here about the Browns players not even being good enough to be drafted).  Yet if they were that "lucky" to reach the World Series you would expect them to fall flat on their face when they faced the powerhouse Cardinals in the World Series.  They may not have had to face Joltin' Joe, Rapid Robert Feller, Hammerin' Hank Greenberg or Teddy Ballgame in the American League pennant race but they still faced a strong Cardinals team in their third straight World Series. The Cards had lost men too but Stan Musial, Danny Litwhiler, Marty Marian, Walker Cooper and Whitey Kurowski were still there.  The Browns team leader was unquestionably Vern Stephens, their shortstop.  He had lasted through some unbelievably bad Browns teams (he would last through quite a few more) but his 1944 season was probably his best.  He hit .293, drove in 109, scored 91 and hit 24 home runs.  The Browns got that momentum boost that Mickey Owen let slip past him.  They won the first game 2-1 as Denny Galehouse dominated the strong Cardinal lineup.  Game 2 was an 11 inning 3-2 Cardinals win and the Browns felt they could have easily been up 2 games to 0.  The Browns proved they were serious with a Game 3 6-2 victory but the pixie dust wore off and the Cardinals won the next three to close out the series.  The Browns never returned to the Series and within a few years Stephens was dealt to the Red Sox (along with half the Browns team).  The trade that brought Stephens to Boston was very similar to the trade this off season that sent half of the Marlins to Toronto.  The trade worked out for Boston.  Stephens went on to lead the league in RBI twice (he drove in 159 runs in 1949) and hit 29, 39 and 30 Home Runs in his first three years in a Red Sox uniform.  1948 was his best year in Boston.  As Ted Williams struggled with injuries, Stephens kept the Red Sox in the race, eventually allowing them to tie the Indians for first place.  In the 1948 one game playoff with the Indians, Cleveland took a 1 run lead in the first.  Stephens did what he did best:  he drove in a run to tie the game up.  Unfortunately, Ken Keltner saw to it that the Indians beat out the Red Sox.  The strong Red Sox teams of the 1940's are usually attributed to four main players:  Ted Williams, Bobby Doerr, Johnny Pesky and Dom DiMaggio.  Yet while they were the guys getting on base, Stephens was the one driving them in to the plate.

Thirdbase
Ken Keltner

Photo Courtesy of Baseball Reference

Career Teams: Cleveland Indians (1937-1949) and Boston Red Sox (1950)
All Star Appearances:  1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946 and 1948
MVP Voting:  1938 (14th), 1939 (12th), 1942 (14th), 1943 (34th) and 1948 (14th)
Every organization, whether brand new or one of the original sixteen, has their glory days.  Their one time period where the fan base can point to and say "That was our best time.  It will never be that good again."  Cubs fans have to go all the way back to the 1900's.  Braves fans will point to the 1990's.  I suppose Rockies fans can point to 2007.  Indians fans point to the 1948 season.  That was the last time Cleveland won a World Series.  The third baseman for the Indians' great team was Ken Keltner.  When the Indians and Red Sox tied at the end of the 1948 regular season, a one game playoff was set for Fenway Park.  Winner went to the World Series, loser went home for the winter.  The game was tied at 1 in the top of the fourth.  With Lou Boudreau and Joe Gordon on base, Ken Keltner untied the score with one swing.  Keltner launched a three run Home Run to give the Indians a 4-3 lead and knock Denny Galehouse out of the game.  As the tribe knocked off Bob Elliott and the Braves, Keltner's bat cooled off (2-16, .083 and 0 extra base hits).  Keltner had already done his job.  He had gotten the Indians to the World Series.

Outfield
Bob Elliot

Photo Courtesy of Wikipedia

Career Teams: Pittsburgh Pirates (1939-1946), Boston Braves (1947-1951), New York Giants (1952), St. Louis Browns (1953) and Chicago White Sox (1953)
All Star Appearances: 1941, 1942, 1944, 1947, 1948 and 1951
MVP Voting: 1942 (9th), 1943 (8th), 1944 (10th), 1945 (16th), 1947 (1st), 1948 (13th) and 1950 (24th)
Here's a trivia question to stump your friends with:  Who led the National League in hits during the 1940's?  Not Stan Musial or Pee Wee Reese or Phil Cavarretta.  It was Bob Elliott.  Similar to George Kell, Elliot played for the Pirates and Braves while they were struggling and finishing in the bottom of the league routinely.  Unlike Kell, Elliot was able to break into some national attention by winning the MVP in 1947 (Jackie Robinson's first year in the league) with a .317 average, 35 doubles, 22 Home Runs and drove in 113 runs as the Braves started climbing the standings ladder.  The next year they reached the top for the last time in Boston.  Elliott played well in the 1948 World Series, hitting .333 with 2 Home Runs, 4 Runs and 5 RBI.  Unlike George Kell, Elliott has not reached the Hall of Fame.

Pete Gray

Photo Courtesy of Bleacher Report

Career Teams:  St. Louis Browns (1945)
All Star Appearances: None
MVP Voting:  None.
Jim Abbott was an amazing pitcher who overcame being born without a hand.  Pete Gray overcame similar obstacles.  At the age of 6, Pete Gray was in an accident where his arm was caught under a moving train.  The arm was amputated at the elbow.  As the Major Leagues saw their best talent of he 1940's sent to Europe to fight the war, the teams needed to fill out their roster with able bodied men not able bodied enough to be drafted.  Pete Gray likely would not have made the majors had it not been for the shortage of players, but he was doing just fine for Memphis in the minors.  Gray stood in the batters box from the left side and held the bat with his left (back) hand.  Obviously he couldn't follow through on his swing so he hit mostly singles (of his 51 hits only 8 were for extra bases.  He had two triples and six doubles).  To field the ball he kept his glove on his left hand.  When he fielded the ball he very quickly removed the glove and transferred the ball to his left hand.  It was so quick you almost couldn't believe it was possible.  He played in only 77 games and hit .217 but for his short time in the league he was a media sensation.


Vince DiMaggio

Photo Courtesy of Baseballalmanac.com

Career Teams: Boston Bees (1937-1938), Cincinnati Reds (1939-1940), Pittsburgh Pirates (1940-1944), Philadelphia Phillies (1945-1946) and New York Giants (1946)
All Star Appearances: 1943 and 1944
MVP Voting:  1941 (21st) and 1945 (33rd)
Occasionally baseball scouts find a gold mine of baseball talent in one area.  In the early part of the century everyone seemed to come from the crop of Irish immigrants.  In the 1920's it seemed to be the San Francisco area.  In the 1950's when the Aaron brothers, Willie McCovey and Tommie Agee came in the league they all came from Mobile, Alabama.  In the 1970's it was the Dominican Republic.  The 1930's seemed to be the DiMaggio household.  Vince DiMaggio was a good player but he was no Joe DiMaggio.  Vince, the oldest of the DiMaggio brothers, never threatened Joe's popularity or achievements but he did have a decent ten year career. It is not fair to compare his numbers (or any one's numbers) to Joe's but the biggest contrast is in the strikeouts.  Vince led the league in strikeouts six times.  Joe never had more than 39 in a season.  For his career Vince struck out 837 times, Joe's career strikeouts were only 369.

Dom "The Little Professor" DiMaggio

Photo Courtesy of ESPN

Career Teams:  Boston Red Sox (1940-1953)
All Star Appearances:  1941, 1942, 1946, 949, 1950, 1951 and 1952
MVP Voting: 1941 (27th), 1946 (29th), 1948 (29th),1949 (16th), 1950 (14th) and 1951 (19th)
Dom was the youngest of the three DiMaggio brothers.  Similar to Vince, he was no Joe, but he was still one of the top players in the league.  If the Yankees-Red Sox rivalry isn't vicious enough, imagine the intensity you added by throwing a sibling rivalry into it.  The 1948 pennant race was a tight three way battle between the Indians, Red Sox and Yankees.  Dom was scheduled to get married on October 6th, assuming the Red Sox weren't in the World Series.  The final three games for the Red Sox were head to head against New York in Fenway.  With two games left the Red Sox won, knocking the Yankees, and Joe, out of contention.  The DiMaggio's were having a big family dinner at Dom's house that night.  On the way to dinner Joe turned to Dom and said "You knocked us out today but we're going to return the favor tomorrow."  It wasn't a joke.  It wasn't sarcastic or bitter. Joe had spoken.  Dom replied "I think you're forgetting, I may have something to do with that."  Dom did.  He hit a game winning home run to send Boston to a one game playoff with Cleveland (which the Indians ended up winning).  He missed three years of his career to serve in World War II but he did get to play in the 1946 World Series.  Dom had seven hits in the seven game loss to the Cardinals, 3 doubles and although the Red Sox were constantly close they never made it back for a second chance.

"Pistol" Pete Reiser

Photo Courtesy of Bleacher Report

Career Teams: Brooklyn Dodgers (1940-1948), Boston Braves (1949-1950), Pittsburgh Pirates (1951) and Cleveland Indians (1952)
All Star Appearances:  1941, 1942 and 1946
MVP Voting: 1941 (2nd), 1942(6th) and 1946 (9th)
The St. Louis Cardinals were the first team to start using a farm system that fed directly into their Major League team and taught the young players the team's way to play the game.  The good news was that the Cardinals were able to build a strong team that was continuously near the top of the league.  The bad news was that they stockpiled talented young players they never intended to promote to the big leagues just so other teams couldn't use them.  The league didn't like it and forced the Cardinals to trade or release most of them.  Branch Rickey, the President of the Cardinals didn't want to lose Pete Reiser but he couldn't keep him.  He struck a deal with Larry MacPhail, President of the Dodgers and a long time friend.  He sold Pete Reiser's contract to the Dodgers for $100 with the understanding that he would come back to St. Louis when he was ready for the majors.  When the Dodgers manager Leo Durocher saw him in spring training he couldn't resist playing him.  He got an immediate notice from MacPhail never to play Reiser again and not to ask any questions.  Durocher ignored him.  Reiser very quickly became a star.  In his first full year in the majors, 1941, Reiser led the league in batting average, runs, doubles, triples, slugging percentage and hit by pitch.  In the World Series he hit only .200 but had 4 hits (a single, double, triple and the three run Home run that set up the Mickey Owen passed ball).  He was a "motor guy" who made the Dodgers offense go.  He could field, hit, run, throw. He did everything.  He had just one problem: he never knew when to stop.  In the middle of the 1942 season in a game against St.Louis, Reiser tracked a long fly ball from Enos Slaughter.  His teammates knew he wouldn't get it.  Reiser knew he would.  Sprinting straight back to the wall Reiser made the catch.  Reiser immediately collided head first, full speed, with the concrete wall in centerfield.  His skull was fractured.  Doctors told him he was done for the year but MacPhail refused to accept it and believed it was a personal affront to him that his star was being taken away.  Reiser suffered from double vision and dizzy spells but tried to force his way through the pain.  The doctor's were right.  It effected him terribly and long term. He struggled through the last few months and then was drafted for the military.  He returned after three years in the service but he wasn't the Reiser he was before.  Branch Rickey was furious with MacPhail for ruining what could have been a Hall of Fame  career.  Reiser is a legend in Dodgers history.  In the recent Captain America: The First Avenger film,the military is attempting to convince Steve Rogers that he is still in the 1940's and not the present day.  In the background, as he wakes from his coma, can be heard a play by play of a Dodgers game.  It is an inside the park home run for Pete Reiser.

Pitcher
Joe "The Fireman" Page

Photo Courtesy of Wikipedia

Career Teams:  New York Yankees (1944-1950) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1954)
All Star Appearances:  1944, 1947 and 1948.
MVP Voting:  1947 (4th) and 1949 (3rd).
The nickname given to Joe Page pretty much says it all.  For four tremendous years in the 1940's he put out fires set by the Yankees starters.  If the game started to get dangerous the alarm was rung and Page rushed in to close it down.  This was before a relief pitcher was a glamorous job.  It was looked at as an insult not as a specialty.  Page didn't care.  Between 1947 and 1950 Page saved 73 games, including an amazing (for the time) 27 saves.  Like nearly all relievers (except for Lee Smith, Mariano Rivera and Trevor Hoffman) Page had a short shelf life.  He was sent to the minors half way through the 1950 season and never recovered his strong form from the previous three years.   

Rip Sewell

Photo Courtesy of Bleacher Report

Career Teams: Detroit Tigers (1932) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1938-1949)
Al Star Appearances: 1943, 1944 and 1946
MVP Voting: 1940 (25th), 1943 (6th) and 1944 (11th)
Rip Sewell developed a pitch that Richard Pryor's character in "Brewster's Millions" would have been proud of. Sewell called it the "eephus pitch".   Here's how it worked.  A good fastball (not a Randy Johnson fastball) is in the mid to high 90's miles per hour.  All pitchers want to have a good off speed pitch, probably in the mid to high 80's, to fool the batter a little and upset their timing.  The thing about pitching an offspeed pitch is that the motion needs to be a mirror image of your fastball motion or the change in speed won't fool anyone.  Sewell had only an average fast ball but one day he decided to take a little off the pitch.  The pitch moved only about 55 miles per hour.  That wasn't the weirdest part.  The pitch had an arc to it, not like a curve ball or a sinker.  It was an arc like a lawn dart.  It went about 20-25 feet up and came down (hopefully) through the strike zone.  It was like slow pitch soft ball with an over hand motion.  Batters couldn't resist it.  Imagine being a home run hitter and getting a pitch easier than batting practice to swing at.  The only problem was no one could hit this damn thing.  The pitch wasn't something you can use every pitch but it was effective enough to earn Sewell a place in the 1946 All Star Game.  The National League got slaughtered 12-0.  Sewell and the eephus pitch were the most memorable moment in the game.  Ted Williams stepped into face Sewell in front of the home town fans in Fenway.  Williams had heard all about this pitch but had never faced Sewell before.  As Williams stepped up to the plate, the greatest hitter who ever lived, couldn't resist it.  He yelled out to Sewell "C'mon Rip, show me that damn eephus pitch you got!"  Sewell chuckled and unleashed the high arcing, slow moving toss.  Williams waited on it and fouled it off.  Williams laughed.  Sewell laughed.  Then Williams, still smiling, got serious about his work.  "Let's go Rip.  Throw it again."  Then Rip Sewell did what no other pitcher had ever done.  He let Ted Williams know exactly what was coming.  Ted Williams did what no one else had been able to do before and never would again.  He knocked Rip Sewell's eephus pitch for a Home Run.

* Author's Note:  Just as in the last few weeks, and as may be seen in the next few weeks as we move through this series of articles, I did my best to keep this to one player per position, however, the farther we move from these eras, the easier it is to forget these types of players (and even some hall of fame players).  It is important to remember as we follow the sport that the superstars are not the only ones making contributions to the success of a team.  This is not a comprehensive list of players who fall into this category from this era, it is simply my choice of players who best represented their position and have become forgotten or misunderstood.  Your list is probably different.  Email me yours or leave a comment.